4 skills - MACRO SKILLS
- listening (receptive)
- speaking (productive)
- reading (receptive)
- writing (productive)
*in order of acquisition*
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reading sub-skills
- skimming - quickly, for the general idea
- scanning - pick out information you need without processing information looking for something specific
- reading for detail - pick out info + process it
- guessing new words - using context (the whole) / co-text (the surroundings of the text) to derive a general understanding
- inference - reading between the lines
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TOP DOWN processing - Native (big picture)
BOTTOM UP processing - Elementary students, trying to read every word
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the task needs to be given before they approach the text / set a time limit
- what are the necessary pre-conditions for effective reading?
- language - level
- content - relevance
- speed - different paces (efficient reading is fast! slow is painful!)
- attention - focus on significant parts
- incomprehensible vocab - reading for the context (be aware of it not becoming a vocabulary class!)
- prediction - use pictures
- background info - they will use background knowledge
- motivation - content, level = is it challenging enough?
- purpose - clear task before they approach the text
- strategies - what we do in class (getting settled, activating schematic knowledge, using headings and sub-headings, using pics and diagrams, considering the length of the text)
- combining new info
- contextual / co- textual guessing
- ignoring new vocab
- using cohesive devices
- using illustrations
- highlighting the main points
- dictionary
- genre recognition
- how the text made you feel
- summarizing
- new info learned
- info transfer
- comparing ideas with another student
- discussion
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